The Adversarial System Essay -- Law

Introduction In the discussion which follows, the function served by ‘evidence’ within the adversarial system will be considered. The central importance of relevance to the admissibility of evidence will be linked to the purpose served by the tribunal of fact. The range of factors which impact on the criminal justice system will act as a basis to consider the justification for the exclusion of certain evidential material. Developments in attitudes as a result of recent legislation will lead the discussion to the conclusion that the above statement is not sustainable Setting the scene Purpose. The adversarial system involves competing versions of disputed events being advanced by parties to the litigation. The purpose of this ‘battle’ is much debated in the academic literature. Certain commentators emphasise the ‘truth seeking’ theory of adjudication and the belief that justice absolutely depends on it. Whilst the nature of ‘truth’ in itself may be contested, it is accepted, for the purpose of this discussion, that it is the central goal of the adversarial system. Murphy draws attention to† other legitimate concurrent goals† in the context of the judicial trial which include the upholding of ‘fairness’ the exclusion of evidence which may be ‘inherently suspect/unreliable’ or ‘prejudicial’. The role of evidence in the accurate reconstruction of past events and what restraints, if any, should be in place will be explored. Fairness. The adversarial system involves the State pitted against the individual defendant. There is little doubt that a significant disparity exists between the combatants. Stockdale and Casel claim that many of the basic rights extended to the defendant are attempts to compensate for ... ...istopher Allen. Practical Guide to Evidence.4th.ed (2008) Routledge Cavendish. Jonathan Doak & Claire McGourlay. Criminal Evidence in Context.2nd.ed (2009) Routledge-Cavendish. Raymond Emson. Evidence. 4th.ed. (2008) Palgrave Macmillan Andrew L.Choo. Evidence 2nd.ed. (2009). Oxford University Press. J R Spencer. Hearsay Evidence in Criminal Proceedings. (2008) Hart Publishing. Adrian Keane. The Modern Law Of Evidence.6th.ed (2006) Oxford University Press Maureen & John Spencer. Evidence. Concentrate. (2010) Oxford University Press Tobias Thienel. The Admissibility of Evidence Obtained by Torture under International Law. (2006) The European Journal of International Law. Vol 17. No.2 Robert Munday. Evidence. Core Text Series. (2009) 5th.ed Oxford University Press Colin Tapper. Cross & Tapper on Evidence.(2010) 12th.ed Oxford University Press

Personal Expectations Essay

For many years I have set goals for myself, but did not totally accomplish all of them. So this time I decided to make up a philosophy that will motivate me. My philosophy is: Never sell myself short. If I make an effort I can achieve my goals. Success is not going to knock on my door. I have to go out and get it. Especially since I was raised in a family that has so much ambitions and talents. I’m constantly being advise that I need to follow the family traits that have lead them to an road of being financially stable. That’s another theory that also helped motivate my return to higher education at the University of Phoenix. Since I have made such a tremendous step to learn online. I must now focus on what types of expectations/achievements that I want for myself, that will guide me to the end of my undergraduate degree at University of Phoenix. Well my first expectation is to find a way to adapt to my everyday routines including school. It’s been so easy in the past when I first attended college because I didn’t have so much on my plate. But now since I been joggling work, school, and most importantly my son, in a twenty-four hour day, it’s been very hard. Considering how hard it is, I must say I’m very blessed to have the strength to go through each day. I definitely think I am a well-rounded person who has the prudential to achieve the courses that will better my knowledge for a better future. I think if I start analyzing a daily schedule I will have the time to be more relaxed and focus when it comes to school time. I want to be able to concentrate on my assignments, by making sure they are always decent and deadlines are meant. I also want to be able to understand and take heed on what I’ve learn when the course is over, because that will allow me to applied all area’s of study together which will result in how much I have learn. I also want to be able to look back at my results ten years from now and see if all my goals were achieved. My second expectation is to go beyond and above my expectations, by producing a high GPA at University of Phoenix and to achieve those goals I need to be able to find a style of studying. I know this is the most difficult issue I have stumbled with in previous times. I never actually took the time to sit down and sort out what my weaknesses were. But I now have to be stern with  myself and realized that time and money is at hand. The first step I think I need to take is what is the best time of the day for me to study? And how can I make myself understand the concept of the material in the course? Thanks to GEN101 discussions assignments I found the best time for me to study was in the evening, when I can forget about all the papers on my desk and put my son to sleep. For my second answer, which I gained from GEN 101, is that I can learn to understand a lecture by relating my own issues. These concepts will be a tremendous help with my further courses that I look forward to overpow er. The third expectation is to graduate from the University of Phoenix and sell my potential’s to Corporate America. I want to be able to stand out and be seen as one of University of Phoenix global achiever’s. I want to know that I am well qualified to make an educated decision in my future company. I also want my educated background to have a significant impact on others that are willing to learn. Finally, if I follow the milestone that I set for myself I will be a successful woman. I will not be excluded from job promotions and raises. Never the less settle for less than I’m worth. I can then look back at these expectations/achievements and wonder how life would have been if I didn’t go back to college. Also I can save these examples for my children to reflect upon and in courage them on what education has to offer. My family will also be content and excited with my accomplishments. They will then realize that I am ready to encounter what life has to offer.

Marketing Plan For T Inc. - 1336 Words

Differentiating Between Market Structures Discussion 1 ATT Inc. is the largest provider of wireless telecommunication services in the united states of fixed telephone and the second largest of mobile telephones. This makes the company, a multinational telecommunication corporation in the USA. The organization mastery marketing plan is to use their services to satisfy all their customers’ telecommunication needs. This it aims to achieve by connecting their clients from any geographical location in the world. For this to become a reality, ATT offers competitive prices for all the services they provide (Sjà ¶gren and Vifell, 2014). These include the Family Unity Plan and the Rollover Minutes. This market structure was decided upon the†¦show more content†¦In this market, ATT may be forced to use restrictive trade practices to increase their services prices and restrict their production (Sjà ¶gren and Vifell, 2014). The organization may also in many instances collide with other organizations in the same industry in an attem pt to stabilize an unstable market. This is a measure used to decrease the risk involved during product investment and development in an oligopolistic competition. ATT is further at a risk of receiving relatively low prices for their sales with high productions units. All these factors make this market structure sensitive to dead weight loss as one cannot readily measure it and excess levels of differentiation. i. Perfect competition: in this competition, no participant dominates the market thus; no specific seller has the power to set the prices of homogeneous goods. This therefore makes the conditions of a perfect competitive market stricter than the rest of the market structures. In this market, ATT should be willing to sell their services in a certain price that reciprocates to their demand to maximize profits. This market allows organization a free long term ability to adjust their good services and prices with the changes in the market conditions. Thus ATT should take advantage of the freedom in this market structure and ensure that their supply and prices are correlated to their demands. Monopoly: this is a market structure where there is a single supplier